How is manganese dioxide MnO2 produced?

Manganese dioxide overview

Manganese dioxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula MnO2, which exists in nature in the form of pyrolusite. Physical properties: black amorphous powder, or black orthorhombic crystal. Solubility: Insoluble in water, weak acid, weak base, nitric acid, cold sulfuric acid, heated and crushed concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate chlorine gas.

How is manganese dioxide MnO2 produced?

Naturally occurring manganese dioxide contains impurities and large amounts of manganese trioxide. Only a limited number of deposits contain gamma modifiers that are pure enough to meet the needs of the battery industry.

High-purity manganese dioxide is required for the production of batteries and ferrites (the two main uses of manganese dioxide). Batteries need "electrolytic manganese dioxide" and ferrites need "chemical manganese dioxide".

1. Chemical manganese dioxide

One approach is to start with natural manganese dioxide and convert it into a manganese(II) nitrate solution using nitrous oxide and water. Evaporation of the water leaves behind crystalline nitrates. At 400°C, the salt decomposes, releasing N2O4 and leaving a pure manganese dioxide residue. These two steps can be summarized as:

MnO2 +N2O4⇌Mn (NO3 )2

2. Carbothermal reduction of manganese dioxide

Another method is the carbothermic reduction of manganese dioxide to manganese dioxide dissolved in sulfuric acid. The filtered solution was treated with ammonium carbonate to precipitate MnCO.

The carbonate is calcined in air to obtain a mixture of manganese(II) and manganese(IV) oxides. To complete the process, a suspension of the material in sulfuric acid is treated with sodium chlorate. In situ formed chloric acid can convert any Mn(III) and Mn(II) oxides to carbon dioxide, releasing chlorine by-product.

3. Manganese oxide and manganese monoxide

The third method involves manganese oxide and manganese monoxide. The two reagents are mixed in a ratio of 1:3 to produce manganese dioxide:

Mn2O7+3MnO→5MnO2

Finally, the action of potassium permanganate on the manganese sulfate crystals produces the desired oxide.

2KMnO4 + 3MnSO4 + 2H2O→5 MnO2 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4

4. Electrolytic manganese dioxide

Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used in zinc-carbon batteries with zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. EMD is also commonly used in manganese dioxide rechargeable alkaline (Zn RAM) batteries. For these applications, purity is critical. EMD is produced in a similar way to electrolytically ductile (ETP) copper: manganese dioxide is dissolved in sulfuric acid (sometimes mixed with manganese sulfate) and an electricity is passed between two electrodes. The dissolved manganese dioxide goes into solution in the form of sulfate and is deposited on the anode.

Manganese dioxide application

It is used as a depolarizer for dry batteries, as a catalyst and oxidant in the synthesis industry, as a colorant, decolorizer and iron remover in the glass industry and enamel industry. It is used in the manufacture of metal manganese, special alloys, ferromanganese castings, gas masks and ferrites for electronic materials. In addition, it can also be used in the rubber industry to increase the viscosity of rubber. It can also be used as a catalyst in chemical experiments.

Organic Synthesis Uses

Manganese dioxide is very useful in organic chemistry. The forms of manganese dioxide used for oxides vary. Because manganese dioxide has multiple crystal forms, the chemical formula can be written as MnO2 x(H2O)n, where x is between 0 and 0.5, and n can be greater than 0. Manganese dioxide can be produced by the reaction of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) at different pH.

One of the special chemical reactions of manganese dioxide is the conversion of alcohols to aldehydes. Even though the alcohol has a double bond, it is not oxidized by manganese dioxide: cis-RCH=CHCH2OH + MnO2 → cis-RCH=CHCHO + H2O + MnO

The product inside will not be oxidized after reactivation. Diols can be oxidized to dialdehydes by manganese dioxide. Other manganese dioxides have many reactions and can be used to oxidize amines, aromatics and triols.

laboratory use

It is used as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen; it is used as a catalyst for the decomposition of potassium chlorate to generate oxygen; the thermite reacts with elemental aluminum powder to generate manganese. Used as pigment, yellow glass, etc.; react with hot concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate chlorine gas; react with molten caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) in the air to generate potassium manganate; in the decomposition reaction of potassium permanganate, manganese dioxide is used as manganese Highly self-catalyzed potassium acid.

Manganese dioxide price

The price of manganese dioxide will change with random factors such as manganese dioxide production cost, transportation cost, international situation and supply and demand of manganese dioxide market. Tanki New Materials Co.,Ltd. aims to help industries and chemical wholesalers find high-quality, low-cost nanomaterials and chemicals by providing a full range of customized services. If you are looking for manganese dioxide, please feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price of manganese dioxide.

Manganese dioxide suppliers

As a global manganese dioxide supplier, Tanki New Materials Co.,Ltd. has extensive experience in the performance, application and cost-effective manufacturing of advanced engineering materials. The company has successfully developed a series of powder materials (including chromium carbide, aluminum carbide, manganese dioxide, titanium carbide, etc.), high-purity target materials, functional ceramics and structural devices, and provides OEM services.

Manganese Dioxide Composition

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